The Human Resource Machine
In this game you control an employee which is asked to perform more an more complex tasks. Using a small number of commands you are able to control what this character does.
7 Billion Humans
This game is similar in respect to the human resource machine but here you control a group of people. Like the other game you make a program using a sequence of commands. This will teach concepts of multithreading, where multiple processes are executing simultaneously to perform one task.
Zachtronics games
The game studio Zachtronics has a number of interesting games that will teach you various programming concepts. Each of them is really nicely themed and really polished. Included in all games are also leaderboards that compare you to the other players that have solved the same puzzle.
Some of my favorites:
while True: learn()
Visual programming game that asks you to solve a bunch of interesting puzzles.
Autonauts
Open world survival game where you craft bots and then program them to automate certain tasks for you.
Hacknet
This game teaches you some basic shell programming and networking concepts. You are playing as a hacker systematically infecting more and more computers in a network.
Baba is You
A very creative game where you manipulate statements about the game world to solve the current puzzle you are in. Hard to explain this one, just check it out on Steam.